近年来，非洲的谷物生产具有以下功能: 一个. 自给自足的速度正在逐渐降解，谷物稀缺变得越来越强烈. 尽管许多国家自独立以来一直在谷物生产开发方面做出了巨大努力, 一般来说, 谷物增量无法保持需求的增加. 自给自足的谷物速率已从 97% 1960年代初期 70% 1980年代中期. 谷物进口增加了六倍. 乙. 谷物生产在农业和种植行业中处于重要状态. 大多, for the countries with a lower economic level, its grain production takes a more prominent position. c. Low and unstable production level. Most part of grain production is done by small farmers and their technology is backward. d. The crops have a large variety and coarse food grain takes a large proportion (about 70% or above of total grain throughput). Wheat and paddy take a smaller proportion. Teff, yam, taro, cattail millet, ragi millet, edible banana are all grown in Africa; farmers use corn and cassava as staple food. Corn has a long plantation history and a large plantation area. It is mostly concentrated in southern Africa. South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi are main producing countries. High lands in east Africa, Egypt and Morocco in north Africa and Ghana, Guinea, Benin in west Africa also have a large plantation area. Sorghum and millets are traditional food crops. The middle streams of Niger River and the Nile are two major sorghum producing areas. Millets are widely spread. Nigeria, Chad, Niger River are major producing countries. Wheat and barley are mainly spread in coastal countries of Mediterranean and south Africa. Paddy is concentrated in few countries like Egypt and Madagascar. 最近几年, the coast of Guinea Gulf, the middle stream of Niger River, eastern area of Congo Basin have seen plenty plantation of paddy. Cassava is one of the traditional food crops; it is the staple food of tropical African villagers; it is almost spread across the whole continent, especially between N16° and S16° tropical area.